MDPI

Hardware Template

Write in a clean editor, then format for Hardware in one click — DocuGuru applies the official MDPI template with numbered references and exports a submission-ready PDF plus the editable LaTeX source. Free to start.

About the Hardware format

Hardware is a peer-reviewed journal published by MDPI, covering Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials, Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications, Biosensors and Analytical Detection. Over its lifetime it has published 51 papers, which have received 112 citations.

PublisherMDPI
Reference styleNumbered (MDPI)
Numbered — [1], [2] in the text
1. Smith, A.; Jones, B.; Lee, C. A Representative Article Title. Hardware 2023, 12, 45–58.

Formats any DOI in Hardware style. No sign-up.

Publishes research inAdvanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications Biosensors and Analytical Detection Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
ISSN2813-6640
Citation impact (2-yr)2.24
h-index5
i10-index2
Open accessYes
Top institutions publishing hereTexas Tech University
You getA submission-ready PDF and the editable LaTeX source — ready to submit.

Papers published in Hardware per year

5
2023
15
2024
17
2025

Citation impact of Hardware by publication year

9
2023
48
2024
41
2025

Citations each year’s papers have accumulated so far — the most recent years are still building up.

Most-cited papers in Hardware

Advances in Energy Harvesting for Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks: Challenges and Opportunities

Muhammad Umer Mushtaq, Hein S. Venter, Avinash Singh et al. · 20 Feb 2025

Energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) appear as the fundamental backbone of research that attempts to expand the lifespan and efficiency of sensor networks positioned in resource-constrained environments. This review paper provides an in-depth examination of latest developments in this area, highlighting the important components comprising routing protocols, energy management plans, cognitive radio applications, physical…

The Third Dimension of Eye Care: A Comprehensive Review of 3D Printing in Ophthalmology

Neil Lin, M Gagnon, Kevin Y. Wu · 26 Jan 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a process in which materials are added together in a layer-by-layer manner to construct customized products. Many different techniques of 3D printing exist, which vary in materials used, cost, advantages, and drawbacks. Medicine is increasingly benefiting from this transformative technology, and the field of ophthalmology is no exception. The possible 3D…

Additively Manufactured Antennas and Electromagnetic Devices

Francesco P. Chietera · 2 Apr 2024

Additive manufacturing has emerged as a transformative methodology in numerous engineering domains, with the fabrication of antennas and electromagnetic devices being a promising application area. This study presents a comprehensive review of the application of these technologies for manufacturing electromagnetic devices, offering a categorized analysis based on different types of additive manufacturing techniques. Each category…

Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Power Electronics: Comparative Properties, Applications, and Reliability of GaN and SiC Devices

Nathaniel Viewegh, Harrison Holloway, Rainey Biggerstaff et al. · 18 Mar 2026

Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) have revolutionized modern power electronics by enabling devices that operate at higher voltages, temperatures, and switching frequencies than their silicon counterparts. This paper reviews the material properties, device architectures, fabrication techniques, and thermal management strategies that underpin the performance of GaN and…

HELENE: Six-Axis Accessible Open-Source 3D-Printed Robotic Arm for Research and Education

Felix Herbst, Sven Suppelt, Niklas Schäfer et al. · 10 Jul 2025

Robotic arms are used in a wide range of industrial and medical applications. However, for research and education, users often face a trade-off between costly commercial solutions with no adaptability and open-source alternatives that lack usability and functionality. In education, this problem is exacerbated by the prohibitive cost of commercial systems or simplifications that distort…

Hardware template — frequently asked questions

How do I write a paper in the Hardware format?
In DocuGuru you write your manuscript in a normal editor — no LaTeX setup required — and select the Hardware template. When you export, DocuGuru compiles the paper into the official MDPI format and hands you a submission-ready PDF along with the editable LaTeX source.
What reference style does Hardware use?
Hardware uses Numbered (MDPI) references, shown as numbered [1], [2] markers in the text. DocuGuru formats every in-text citation and the reference list in this exact style automatically. A reference appears like this: 1. Smith, A.; Jones, B.; Lee, C. A Representative Article Title. Hardware 2023, 12, 45–58.
Do I need to know LaTeX to submit to Hardware?
No. DocuGuru generates the mdpi LaTeX class and compiles the PDF for you in the background, so you get a MDPI-ready Hardware document without writing any LaTeX. If you do want it, the LaTeX source is included in the export.
Can I import an existing draft into the Hardware template?
Yes. Paste or upload your current manuscript — Word, LaTeX, Markdown, or plain text — and DocuGuru reflows it into the Hardware format with correct headings, figures, tables, and numbered citations.
What is Hardware?
Hardware - MDPI Journal. It is a multidisciplinary journal, published by MDPI.
Can I export a submission-ready Hardware PDF?
Yes — DocuGuru produces a PDF built with the official Hardware template (the mdpi class) that is ready to submit to MDPI, together with the matching LaTeX source files.
How much does the Hardware template cost?
You can start writing in the Hardware template for free. Exporting the final submission-ready Hardware PDF and LaTeX source is part of DocuGuru's paid plans — see the app for current pricing.
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