Springer Nature

Complex & Intelligent Systems Template

Write in a clean editor, then format for Complex & Intelligent Systems in one click — DocuGuru applies the official Springer Nature template with numbered references and exports a submission-ready PDF plus the editable LaTeX source. Free to start.

About the Complex & Intelligent Systems format

Complex & Intelligent Systems is a peer-reviewed journal published by Springer Nature, covering Multi-Criteria Decision Making, Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research, Advanced Neural Network Applications.

PublisherSpringer Nature
Reference styleNumbered (Springer Basic)
Numbered — [1], [2] in the text
1. Smith A, Jones B, Lee C (2023) A representative article title. Complex & Intelligent Systems 12:45–58

Formats any DOI in Complex & Intelligent Systems style. No sign-up.

Publishes research inMulti-Criteria Decision Making Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research Advanced Neural Network Applications Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms Optimization and Mathematical Programming
ISSN2198-6053
Citation impact (2-yr)4.88
h-index89
i10-index992
Total citations44,443
Article processing charge$1,619
Open accessYes
Top institutions publishing hereNorthwestern Polytechnical University
Journal websitelink.springer.com
You getA submission-ready PDF and the editable LaTeX source — ready to submit.

Papers published in Complex & Intelligent Systems per year

9
2015
23
2016
31
2017
22
2018
41
2019
99
2020
370
2021
346
2022
346
2023
412
2024
468
2025

Citation impact of Complex & Intelligent Systems by publication year

235
2015
919
2016
2.2K
2017
1.1K
2018
2.6K
2019
4K
2020
14.2K
2021
8.4K
2022
5.2K
2023
3.3K
2024
1.4K
2025

Citations each year’s papers have accumulated so far — the most recent years are still building up.

Most-cited papers in Complex & Intelligent Systems

Feature dimensionality reduction: a review

Weikuan Jia, Meili Sun, Jian Lian et al. · 21 Jan 2022

Abstract As basic research, it has also received increasing attention from people that the “curse of dimensionality” will lead to increase the cost of data storage and computing; it also influences the efficiency and accuracy of dealing with problems. Feature dimensionality reduction as a key link in the process of pattern recognition has become one…

A benchmark test suite for evolutionary many-objective optimization

Ran Cheng, Miqing Li, Ye Tian et al. · 1 Mar 2017

In the real world, it is not uncommon to face an optimization problem with more than three objectives. Such problems, called many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs), pose great challenges to the area of evolutionary computation. The failure of conventional Pareto-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms in dealing with MaOPs motivates various new approaches. However, in contrast to the…

Brain tumor detection and classification using machine learning: a comprehensive survey

Javaria Amin, Muhammad Sharif, Anandakumar Haldorai et al. · 8 Nov 2021

Abstract Brain tumor occurs owing to uncontrolled and rapid growth of cells. If not treated at an initial phase, it may lead to death. Despite many significant efforts and promising outcomes in this domain, accurate segmentation and classification remain a challenging task. A major challenge for brain tumor detection arises from the variations in tumor…

Artificial intelligence in recommender systems

Qian Zhang, Jie Lü, Yaochu Jin · 1 Nov 2020

Abstract Recommender systems provide personalized service support to users by learning their previous behaviors and predicting their current preferences for particular products. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly computational intelligence and machine learning methods and algorithms, has been naturally applied in the development of recommender systems to improve prediction accuracy and solve data sparsity and cold start…

On some distance measures of complex Pythagorean fuzzy sets and their applications in pattern recognition

Kifayat Ullah, Tahir Mahmood, Zeeshan Ali et al. · 17 May 2019

The concept of complex fuzzy set (CFS) and complex intuitionistic fuzzy set (CIFS) is two recent developments in the field of fuzzy set (FS) theory. The significance of these concepts lies in the fact that these concepts assigned membership grades from unit circle in plane, i.e., in the form of a complex number instead from…

Complex & Intelligent Systems template — frequently asked questions

How do I write a paper in the Complex & Intelligent Systems format?
In DocuGuru you write your manuscript in a normal editor — no LaTeX setup required — and select the Complex & Intelligent Systems template. When you export, DocuGuru compiles the paper into the official Springer Nature format and hands you a submission-ready PDF along with the editable LaTeX source.
What reference style does Complex & Intelligent Systems use?
Complex & Intelligent Systems uses Numbered (Springer Basic) references, shown as numbered [1], [2] markers in the text. DocuGuru formats every in-text citation and the reference list in this exact style automatically. A reference appears like this: 1. Smith A, Jones B, Lee C (2023) A representative article title. Complex & Intelligent Systems 12:45–58
Do I need to know LaTeX to submit to Complex & Intelligent Systems?
No. DocuGuru generates the sn-jnl LaTeX class and compiles the PDF for you in the background, so you get a Springer Nature-ready Complex & Intelligent Systems document without writing any LaTeX. If you do want it, the LaTeX source is included in the export.
Can I import an existing draft into the Complex & Intelligent Systems template?
Yes. Paste or upload your current manuscript — Word, LaTeX, Markdown, or plain text — and DocuGuru reflows it into the Complex & Intelligent Systems format with correct headings, figures, tables, and numbered citations.
Who publishes Complex & Intelligent Systems?
Complex & Intelligent Systems is a multidisciplinary journal published by Springer Nature. DocuGuru's Complex & Intelligent Systems template matches Springer Nature's official submission format.
Can I export a submission-ready Complex & Intelligent Systems PDF?
Yes — DocuGuru produces a PDF built with the official Complex & Intelligent Systems template (the sn-jnl class) that is ready to submit to Springer Nature, together with the matching LaTeX source files.
How much does the Complex & Intelligent Systems template cost?
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