Deactivation of heterogeneous catalysts is a ubiquitous problem that causes loss of catalytic rate with time. This review on deactivation and regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts classifies deactivation by type (chemical, thermal, and mechanical) and by mechanism (poisoning, fouling, thermal degradation, vapor formation, vapor-solid and solid-solid reactions, and attrition/crushing). The key features and considerations for each…
Catalysts Template
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About the Catalysts format
Catalysts is a peer-reviewed journal published by MDPI, covering Catalytic Processes in Materials Science, Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques, Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies. Over its lifetime it has published 11,640 papers, which have received 229,133 citations.
| Publisher | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Reference style | Numbered (MDPI) Numbered — [1], [2] in the text 1. Smith, A.; Jones, B.; Lee, C. A Representative Article Title. Catalysts 2023, 12, 45–58.
Formats any DOI in Catalysts style. No sign-up. |
| Publishes research in | Catalytic Processes in Materials Science Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion |
| ISSN | 2073-4344 |
| Citation impact (2-yr) | 4.68 |
| h-index | 140 |
| i10-index | 6,152 |
| Article processing charge | $2,382 |
| Open access | Yes |
| Top institutions publishing here | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| Journal website | www.mdpi.com |
| You get | A submission-ready PDF and the editable LaTeX source — ready to submit. |
Papers published in Catalysts per year
Citation impact of Catalysts by publication year
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Most-cited papers in Catalysts
Semiconductor heterogeneous photocatalysis, the subject of this review, is a versatile, low-cost and environmentally benign treatment technology for a host of pollutants. These may be of biological, organic and inorganic in origin within water and air. The efficient and successful application of photocatalysis demands that the pollutant, the catalyst and source of illumination are in…
In recent years, enzyme immobilization has been presented as a powerful tool for the improvement of enzyme properties such as stability and reusability. However, the type of support material used plays a crucial role in the immobilization process due to the strong effect of these materials on the properties of the produced catalytic system. A…
The past decade has witnessed a phenomenal rise in nanotechnology research due to its broad range of applications in diverse fields including food safety, transportation, sustainable energy, environmental science, catalysis, and medicine. The distinctive properties of nanomaterials (nano-sized particles in the range of 1 to 100 nm) make them uniquely suitable for such wide range…
Due to its low cost, environmentally friendly process, and lack of secondary contamination, the photodegradation of dyes is regarded as a promising technology for industrial wastewater treatment. This technology demonstrates the light-enhanced generation of charge carriers and reactive radicals that non-selectively degrade various organic dyes into water, CO2, and other organic compounds via direct photodegradation…